Thursday, 20 December 2012

important Links


Links for learning C#, C#.Net, Asp.Net, MVC and Etc.

http://www.computerhope.com/shortcut.htm                                        =>Shortcut keys
http://www.knockoutjs.com                                                                =>knockoutjs
http://pluralsight.com                                                                           =>video tutorials
http://jquery.com                                                                                => JQuery
http://codeindley.com/jqueryselectors                                                  => Selectors
http://www.c-sharoconner.com                                                           => C# Concepts
http://ww.json.org                                                                               => JSON
http://kendoui.com                                                                              => Kendo UI
http://bradwilson.typepad.com/blog/2009/10                                      => ASP.NET MVC
http://rniemeyer.github.com/knockout-kendo                                      => Knockout-Kendo
https://groups.google.com/d/forum/anjacmca2010-13                        =>PACESETTER-43
http://www.html-5-tutorial.com/                                                         => HTML 5
http://www.w3schools.com/aspnet/default.asp                                    => ASP.NET
http://coursesweb.net/                                                                         => HTML, CSS, Java Script,
                                                                                                          PHP, Ajax, Flash
http://jqueryui.com                                                                              => JQuery UI
http://themeforest.net                                                                          => Themes for websites





my photo


Saturday, 8 December 2012

Windows 8 Features


















Windows 8 logo and wordmark.svg


Windows 8
New and changed features
New features and functionality in Windows 8 include a faster startup through UEFI integration and the new "Hybrid Boot" mode (which hibernates the Windows kernel on shutdown to speed up the subsequent boot), a new lock screen with a clock and notifications, and the ability for enterprise users to create live USB versions of Windows (known as Windows To Go). Windows 8 also adds native support for USB 3.0 devices, which allow for faster data transfers and improved power management with compatible devices, along with support for near field communication to facilitate sharing and communication between devices.
Windows Explorer, which has been renamed File Explorer, now includes a ribbon in place of the command bar. File operation dialog boxes have been updated to provide more detailed statistics, the ability to pause file transfers, and improvements in the ability to manage conflicts when copying files. A new "File History" function allows incremental revisions of files to be backed up to and restored from a secondary storage device, while Storage Spaces allows users to combine different sized hard disks into virtual drives and specify mirroring, parity, or no redundancy on a folder-by-folder basis.
Task Manager has also been redesigned, including a new processes tab with the option to display fewer or more details of running applications and background processes, a heat map using different colors indicating the level of resource usage, network and disk counters, grouping by process type (e.g. applications, background processes and Windows processes), friendly names for processes and a new option which allows users to search the web to find information about obscure processes. Additionally, the Blue Screen of Death has been updated with a simpler and modern design with less technical information displayed.
Safety and security
Additional security features in Windows 8 include two new authentication methods tailored towards touchscreens (PINs and picture passwords), the addition of antivirus capabilities to Windows Defender (bringing it in parity with Microsoft's Security Essentials software) SmartScreen filtering integrated into the desktop, and support for the "Secure Boot" functionality on UEFI systems to protect against malware infecting the boot process. Parental controls are offered through the integrated Family Safety software, which allows parents to monitor and control their children's activities on a device with activity reports and safety controls. Windows 8 also provides integratedsystem recovery through the new "Refresh" and "Reset" functions. Windows 8's first security patches would be released on 13 November 2012; it would contain three critical (most severe as per Microsoft) fixes.
Online services and functionality
Windows 8 provides heavier integration with online services from Microsoft and others. A user can now log in to Windows with a Microsoft account, formally known as a Windows Live ID, which can be used to access services andsynchronize applications and settings between devices. Windows 8 also ships with a client app for Microsoft's SkyDrive cloud storage service, which also allows apps to save files directly to SkyDrive. A SkyDrive client for the desktop and File Explorer is not included in Windows 8, and must be downloaded separately. Bundled multimedia apps are provided under the Xbox brand, including Xbox MusicXbox Video, and the Xbox SmartGlass companion for use with an Xbox 360 console. Games can integrate into an Xbox Live hub app, which also allows users to view their profile and gamerscore. Other bundled apps provide the ability to link to services such as Flickr and Facebook.
Internet Explorer 10 is included as both a desktop program and a touch-optimized app, and includes increased support for HTML5CSS3, and hardware acceleration. The Internet Explorer app does not support plugins or ActiveXcomponents, but includes a version of Adobe Flash Player that is optimized for touch and low power usage, but works only on sites included on a whitelist. The desktop version does not contain these limitations.
Windows 8 also incorporates improved support for mobile broadband; the operating system can now detect the insertion of a SIM card and automatically configure connection settings (including APNs and carrier branding), track and reduce bandwidth use on metered networks. Windows 8 also adds an integrated airplane mode setting to globally disable all wireless connectivity as well. Carriers can also offer account management systems through Windows Store apps, which can be automatically installed as a part of the connection process and offer usage statistics on their respective tile.
Windows Store and Apps
Windows 8 introduces a new style of application, Windows Store apps; according to Microsoft developer Jensen Harris, these apps are to be optimized for touchscreen environments and have smaller scope in relation to desktop applications. Apps can run either in a full-screen mode, or be docked directly to the side of a screen. They can provide notifications and a "live tile" on the Start screen for dynamic content. Apps can use "contracts"; a collection of hooks to provide common functionality that can integrate with other apps, such as search and sharing. Apps can also provide integration with other services; for example, the People app can connect to a variety of different social networks and services (such as Facebook), while the Photos app can aggregate photos from services such as Facebook and Flickr.
Depending on the language used, apps written for Windows Runtime can be cross-compatible with both Intel and ARM versions of Windows. To ensure stability and security, apps run within a sandboxed environment, and require permissions to access certain functionality, such as accessing the Internet or a camera. Retail versions of Windows 8 will only be able to install these apps through the Windows Store—a namesake distribution platform which offers both apps and certified desktop applications. Only the Enterprise version will allow system administrators to deploy apps from outside the Windows Store.
Windows Store apps were originally known as "Metro-style apps" during the development of Windows 8, referring to the Metro design language. The term was reportedly phased out in August 2012; a Microsoft spokesperson denied rumors that the change was related to a potential trademark issue, and stated that "Metro" was only a codename that would be phased out prior to Windows 8's release. Following these reports, the terms "Modern UI-style apps", "Windows 8-style apps" and "Windows Store apps" began to be used by various Microsoft documents and material to refer to the new apps. In an interview on September 12, 2012, Soma Somasegar (vice president of Microsoft's development software division) officially confirmed that "Windows Store apps" would be the official term for the apps.
Web browsers
Special exceptions are given to web browsers classified as being "New experience enabled" (formerly "Metro-style enabled"), which can provide a special version to run within the "Metro" shell. Unlike other apps, they can be coded usingWin32 code instead of WinRT (allowing the reuse of code from their desktop versions), permanently run in the background, use multiple background processes, and are distributed with desktop web browsers rather than through the Windows Store. Despite these looser restrictions, they can still take advantage of features typically reserved for Windows Store apps, such as the use of contracts to link to other apps. However, only the user's default web browser can be used in this setting.
The developers of both Chrome and Firefox both committed to developing versions of their browsers to run in the app environment; while Chrome's app simply backports the existing desktop interface, Firefox's (which is currently available in development versions) uses a touch-optimized interface inspired by the mobile version of Firefox.
Interface and desktop
Windows 8 introduces significant changes to the operating system's user interface, many of which are centered towards improving its experience on tablet computers and other touchscreen devices. The new user interface is based on Microsoft's Metro design language, and features a new tile-based Start screen similar to that of Windows Phone, which has replaced the previous Start menu entirely. The Start screen displays a customizable array of tiles linking to various apps and desktop programs, some of which can display constantly updated information and content through "live tiles".] As a form of multi-tasking, apps can be snapped to the side of a screen.
A vertical toolbar known as the charms bar (accessed by swiping from the right edge of a touchscreen, or pointing the cursor at hotspots in the right corners of a screen) provides access to system and app-related functions, such as search, sharing, device management, settings, and a Start button. The traditional desktop environment for running desktop applications is accessed via a tile on the new Start screen. The Start button on the taskbar has been removed in favor of the Start button on the charms bar and a hotspot in the lower-left corner of the screen. Swiping from the left edge of a touchscreen or clicking in the top-left corner of the screen allows one to switch between apps and the Desktop. Pointing the cursor in the top-left corner of the screen and moving down reveals a thumbnail list of active apps. Aside from the removal of the Start button, the desktop on Windows 8 is similar to that of Windows 7, except that the Aero Glass theme has been replaced by a flatter, solid-colored design inspired by the Metro interface.
Secure boot
Windows 8 supports a feature of the UEFI specification known as "Secure boot", which uses a public-key infrastructure to verify the integrity of the operating system and prevent unauthorized programs such as bootkits from infecting the device.
Despite the security benefits of the feature, Microsoft faced criticism (particularly from free software supporters) for mandating that devices receiving its optional certification for Windows 8 have secure boot enabled by default using a key provided by Microsoft. Concerns were raised that secure boot could prevent or hinder the use of alternate operating systems such as Linux. In response to the criticism, Microsoft developer Tony Mangefeste stated that "At the end of the day, the customer is in control of their PC. Microsoft’s philosophy is to provide customers with the best experience first, and allow them to make decisions themselves."
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ee/Windows_8_release_preview_snapped_apps.png/250px-Windows_8_release_preview_snapped_apps.pnghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ee/Windows_8_release_preview_snapped_apps.png/250px-Windows_8_release_preview_snapped_apps.pngMicrosoft's certification requirements eventually revealed that that UEFI firmware on x86 systems must allow users to re-configure or turn off secure boot, but that this must not be possible on ARM-based systems (Windows RT). Microsoft faced further criticism for its decision to restrict Windows RT devices by using this functionality, despite it being consistent with other consumer electronics with similar protection measures. No mandate is made regarding the installation of third-party certificates that would enable running alternative software. 

Thursday, 18 October 2012

OOPS Interview Questions and Answers (part 1)



1) What is meant by Object Oriented Programming? 
     OOP is a method of programming in which programs are organised as cooperative collections of objects. Each object is an instance of a class and each class belong to a hierarchy.

2) What is a Class? 
     Class is a template for a set of objects that share a common structure and a common behaviour.

3) What is an Object? 
     Object is an instance of a class. It has state,behaviour and identity. It is also called as an instance of a class.

4) What is an Instance? 
     An instance has state, behavior and identity. The structure and behavior of similar classes are defined in their common class. An instance is also called as an object.

5) What are the core OOP’s concepts? 
     Abstraction, Encapsulation,Inheritance and Polymorphism are the core OOP’s concepts.

6) What is meant by abstraction? 
     Abstraction defines the essential characteristics of an object that distinguish it from all other kinds of objects. Abstraction provides crisply-defined conceptual boundaries relative to the perspective of the viewer. Its the process of focusing on the essential characteristics of an object. Abstraction is one of the fundamental elements of the object model.

7) What is meant by Encapsulation? 
     Encapsulation is the process of compartmentalising the elements of an abtraction that defines the structure and behaviour. Encapsulation helps to separate the contractual interface of an abstraction and implementation.

8) What is meant by Inheritance
     Inheritance is a relationship among classes, wherein one class shares the structure or behaviour defined in another class. This is called Single Inheritance. If a class shares the structure or behaviour from multiple classes, then it is called Multiple Inheritance. Inheritance defines “is-a” hierarchy among classes in which one subclass inherits from one or more generalised superclasses.

9) What is meant by Polymorphism? 
     Polymorphism literally means taking more than one form. Polymorphism is a characteristic of being able to assign a different behavior or value in a subclass, to something that was declared in a parent class.

10) What is an Abstract Class? 
     Abstract class is a class that has no instances. An abstract class is written with the expectation that its concrete subclasses will add to its structure and behaviour, typically by implementing its abstract operations.

11) What is an Interface? 
     Interface is an outside view of a class or object which emphaizes its abstraction while hiding its structure and secrets of its behaviour.

12) What is a base class? 
     Base class is the most generalised class in a class structure. Most applications have such root classes. In Java, Object is the base class for all classes.

13) What is a subclass? 
     Subclass is a class that inherits from one or more classes

14) What is a superclass? 
     superclass is a class from which another class inherits.

15) What is a constructor? 
     Constructor is an operation that creates an object and/or initialises its state.

16) What is a destructor? 
     Destructor is an operation that frees the state of an object and/or destroys the object itself. In Java, there is no concept of destructors. Its taken care by the JVM.

17) What is meant by Binding? 
     Binding denotes association of a name with a class.

18) What is meant by static binding? 
     Static binding is a binding in which the class association is made during compile time. This is also called as Early binding.

19) What is meant by Dynamic binding? 
     Dynamic binding is a binding in which the class association is not made until the object is created at execution time. It is also called as Late binding.

20) Define Modularity? 
     Modularity is the property of a system that has been decomposed into a set of cohesive and loosely coupled modules.

21) What is meant by Persistence?
     Persistence is the property of an object by which its existence transcends space and time.

22) What is colloboration? 
     Colloboration is a process whereby several objects cooperate to provide some higher level behaviour.

23) In Java, How to make an object completely encapsulated? 
     All the instance variables should be declared as private and public getter and setter methods should be provided for accessing the instance variables.

24) How is polymorphism acheived in java? 
     Inheritance, Overloading and Overriding are used to acheive Polymorphism in java.

Android Packages


These are the Android APIs. See all API classes.
Contains resource classes used by applications included in the platform and defines application permissions for system features.
The classes in this package are used for development of accessibility service that provide alternative or augmented feedback to the user.
These classes provide functionality for the property animation system, which allows you to animate object properties of any type. intfloat, and hexadecimal color values are supported by default. You can animate any other type by telling the system how to calculate the values for that given type with a custom TypeEvaluator.
For more information, see the Animation guide.
Contains high-level classes encapsulating the overall Android application model.
Provides device administration features at the system level, allowing you to create security-aware applications that are useful in enterprise settings, in which IT professionals require rich control over employee devices.
For more information, see the Device Administration guide.
Contains the backup and restore functionality available to applications. If a user wipes the data on their device or upgrades to a new Android-powered device, all applications that have enabled backup can restore the user's previous data when the application is reinstalled.
For more information, see the Data Backup guide.
Contains the components necessary to create "app widgets", which users can embed in other applications (such as the home screen) to quickly access application data and services without launching a new activity.
For more information, see the App Widgets guide.
Provides classes that manage Bluetooth functionality, such as scanning for devices, connecting with devices, and managing data transfer between devices.
For more information, see the Bluetooth guide.
Contains classes for accessing and publishing data on a device.
Contains classes for accessing information about an application package, including information about its activities, permissions, services, signatures, and providers.
Contains classes for accessing application resources, such as raw asset files, colors, drawables, media or other other files in the package, plus important device configuration details (orientation, input types, etc.) that affect how the application may behave.
For more information, see the Application Resources guide.
Contains classes to explore data returned through a content provider.
Contains the SQLite database management classes that an application would use to manage its own private database.
Provides classes for managing DRM content and determining the capabilities of DRM plugins (agents).
Provides classes to create, recognize, load and save gestures.
Provides low level graphics tools such as canvases, color filters, points, and rectangles that let you handle drawing to the screen directly.
Provides classes to manage a variety of visual elements that are intended for display only, such as bitmaps and gradients.
Contains classes for drawing geometric shapes.
Provides support for hardware features, such as the camera and other sensors.
Provides support to communicate with USB hardware peripherals that are connected to Android-powered devices.
For more information, see the USB guide.
Base classes for writing input methods (such as software keyboards).
Contains classes that define Android location-based and related services.
For more information, see the Location and Maps guide.
Provides classes that manage various media interfaces in audio and video.
Provides classes that manage audio effects implemented in the media framework.
Provides classes that allow you to apply a variety of visual effects to images and videos.
Provides APIs that let you interact directly with connected cameras and other devices, using the PTP
(Picture Transfer Protocol) subset of the MTP (Media Transfer Protocol) specification.
Classes that help with network access, beyond the normal java.net.* APIs.
Provides APIs for RTP (Real-time Transport Protocol), allowing applications to manage on-demand
or interactive data streaming.
Provides access to Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) functionality, such as making and answering VOIP calls using SIP.
For more information, see the Session Initiation Protocol developer guide.
Provides classes to manage Wi-Fi functionality on the device.
Provides classes to create peer-to-peer (P2P) connections with Wi-Fi Direct.
Provides access to Near Field Communication (NFC) functionality, allowing applications to read NDEF message in NFC tags. A "tag" may actually be another device that appears as a tag.
For more information, see the Near Field Communication guide.
These classes provide access to a tag technology's features, which vary by the type of tag that is scanned.
Provides an OpenGL ES static interface and utilities.
Provides basic operating system services, message passing, and inter-process communication on the device.
Contains classes for the system storage service, which manages binary asset filesystems known as Opaque Binary Blobs (OBBs).
Provides classes that manage application preferences and implement the preferences UI.
Provides convenience classes to access the content providers supplied by Android.
The Renderscript rendering and computational APIs offer a low-level, high performance means of carrying out mathematical calculations and 3D graphics rendering.
For more information, see the Renderscript developer guide.
A framework that makes it easy to write efficient and robust SAX handlers.
Provides classes that allow you to create spell checkers in a manner similar to the input method framework (for IMEs).
Support classes to access some of the android.app package features introduced after API level 13 in a backwards compatible fashion.
Support classes to ease implementation of Dreams in a backwards compatible fashion.
Support android.accessibilityservice classes to assist with development of applications for android API level 4 or later.
Support android.app classes to assist with development of applications for android API level 4 or later.
Support android.content classes to assist with development of applications for android API level 4 or later.
Support android.content.pm classes to assist with development of applications for android API level 4 or later.
Support android.database classes to assist with development of applications for android API level 4 or later.
Support android.util classes to assist with development of applications for android API level 4 or later.
Support android.util classes to assist with development of applications for android API level 4 or later.
Support classes to access some of the android.view.accessibility package features introduced after API level 4 in a backwards compatible fashion.
Support android.widget classes to assist with development of applications for android API level 4 or later.
Provides APIs for monitoring the basic phone information, such as the network type and connection state, plus utilities for manipulating phone number strings.
Provides APIs for utilizing CDMA-specific telephony features.
Provides APIs for utilizing GSM-specific telephony features, such as text/data/PDU SMS messages.
A framework for writing Android test cases and suites.
For more information, see the Testing developer guide.
Utility classes providing stubs or mocks of various Android framework building blocks.
For more information, see the Testing guide.
Utility classes supporting the test runner classes.
Provides classes used to render or track text and text spans on the screen.
This package contains alternative classes for some text formatting classes defined in java.util and java.text.
Provides classes that monitor or modify keypad input.
Provides classes used to view or change the style of a span of text in a View object.
Utilities for converting identifiable text strings into clickable links and creating RFC 822-type message (SMTP) tokens.
Provides common utility methods such as date/time manipulation, base64 encoders and decoders, string and number conversion methods, and XML utilities.
Provides classes that expose basic user interface classes that handle screen layout and interaction with the user.
The classes in this package are used to represent screen content and changes to it as well as APIs for querying the global accessibility state of the system.
Provides classes that handle tweened animations.
Framework classes for interaction between views and input methods (such as soft keyboards).
Provides tools for browsing the web.
The widget package contains (mostly visual) UI elements to use on your Application screen.
Provides classes related to Dalvik bytecode.
Provides utility and system information classes specific to the Dalvik VM.
Provides the system's ReferenceQueue implementation as well as different forms of reference objects which impose special behavior on the garbage collector.
This package is for compatibility with legacy code only, and should not be used or expected to do anything useful.
This package provides the classes and the interfaces needed to build Access Control Lists.
This package provides all the classes and all the interfaces needed to generate, administer and verify X.509 certificates.
This package provides the interfaces needed to generate: (1) Keys for the RSA asymmetric encryption algorithm using the PKCS#1 standard; (2) Keys for the Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA) specified by FIPS-186; (3) Keys for a generic Elliptic Curve asymmetric encryption algorithm.
This package provides the classes and interfaces needed to specify keys and parameters for encryption and signing algorithms.
Provides a compatibility interface for accessing SQL-based databases.
Utility classes commonly useful in concurrent programming.
A small toolkit of classes that support lock-free thread-safe programming on single variables.
Interfaces and classes providing a framework for locking and waiting for conditions that is distinct from built-in synchronization and monitors.
This package provides the classes and interfaces for cryptographic applications implementing algorithms for encryption, decryption, or key agreement.
This package provides the interfaces needed to implement the Diffie-Hellman (DH) key agreement's algorithm as specified by PKCS#3.
This package provides the classes and interfaces needed to specify keys and parameter for encryption.
Provides a standard OpenGL interface.
This package provides factory classes to create sockets and server-sockets.
This package provides classes and interfaces needed to use the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) protocol and the successor Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol.
This package provides classes and interfaces needed to interact with the application in order to execute the authentication and authorization processes.
This package provides a pluggable and stackable authentication system based on ideas and concepts from the Unix-PAM module.
This package provides classes needed to store X.500 principals and their credentials.
This package is provided only for compatibility reasons.
Provides a utility class with useful XML constants.
XML/Java Type Mappings.
XML Namespace processing.
Provides classes allowing the processing of XML documents.
This package defines the generic APIs for processing transformation instructions, and performing a transformation from source to result.
This package implements DOM-specific transformation APIs.
This package implements SAX2-specific transformation APIs.
This package implements stream- and URI- specific transformation APIs.
This package provides an API for validation of XML documents.
This package provides an object-model neutral API for the evaluation of XPath expressions and access to the evaluation environment.
The junit test framework.
Utility classes supporting the junit test framework.
The core interfaces and classes of the HTTP components.
The API for client-side HTTP authentication against a server, commonly referred to as HttpAuth.
Parameters for configuring HttpAuth.
The API for client-side HTTP communication and entry point to the HttpClient module.
Request implementations for the various HTTP methods like GET and POST.
Parameters for configuring HttpClient.
Additional request and response interceptors.
Helpers and utility classes for HttpClient.
The client-side connection management and handling API at the heart of what is referred to as HttpConn.
Parameters for configuring HttpConn.
The client-side route representation and tracking API, part of HttpConn.
TLS/SSL specific parts of the HttpConn API.
The API for client-side state management via cookies, commonly referred to as HttpCookie.
Parameters for configuring HttpCookie.
Representations for HTTP message entities.
Default implementations for interfaces in org.apache.http.
The implementation of a thread-safe client connection manager.
Default implementations for interfaces in org.apache.http.entity.
Default implementations for interfaces in org.apache.http.io.
The transport layer abstraction of the HTTP components.
A selection of HTTP message implementations.
The parameterization framework for HTTP components.
HTTP protocol execution framework.
Mostly utility classes with static helper methods for various purposes.
Provides the official W3C Java bindings for the Document Object Model, level 2 core.
This package provides the core SAX APIs.
This package contains interfaces to SAX2 facilities that conformant SAX drivers won't necessarily support.
This package contains "helper" classes, including support for bootstrapping SAX-based applications.